Toluene |108-88-3
Raraunga A-tinana Hua:
| Ingoa Hua | Toluene |
| Āhuatanga | he wai marama kore tae me te kakara kakara rite ki te benzene |
| Ira Whakarewa(°C) | -94.9 |
| Ira Kohua(°C) | 110.6 |
| Kiato whanaunga (Wai=1) | 0.87 |
| Te kiato kohu (hau=1) | 3.14 |
| Te pehanga kohu kukū (kPa) | 3.8(25°C) |
| Te wera o te ngingiha (kJ/mol) | -3910.3 |
| Te pāmahana tino nui (°C) | 318.6 |
| pēhanga arohaehae (MPa) | 4.11 |
| Te whakarea wehewehenga octanol/wai | 2.73 |
| Irahiko (°C) | 4 |
| Te pāmahana whakakā (°C) | 480 |
| Tepe pahū o runga (%) | 7.1 |
| Te rohe pahū iti (%) | 1.1 |
| Wairewa | Ikarekau ki te wai, ka uru ki te benzene, te waipiro, te etera me etahi atu whakarewa pararopi. |
Āhuatanga Hua:
1.Oxidised ki te waikawa benzoic na te kaha oxidizing agents pērā i te pāhare pāporo, te pāhare pāporo dichromate me te waikawa nitric.Ka whiwhi hoki te waikawa benzoic i te waikura ki te hau, ki te hāora ranei i te aroaro o te whakakōkī.Ka whiwhihia te Benzaldehyde ma te oxidation me te konupora konupora i te aroaro o te waikawa sulfuric i te 40°C iti iho ranei.Ko te tauhohenga whakaheke i whakakorikoria e te nika, te konukawata ranei ka puta te methylcyclohexane.Ka tauhohe te Toluene me te haurua ki te hanga i te toluene o- me te para-halogenated toluene ma te whakamahi i te konumohe trichloride me te ferric chloride hei whakakōkī.I raro i te wera me te marama, ka tauhohe me nga haurua hei hanga benzyl halide.Ko te tauhohenga me te waikawa nitric ka puta te o- me te para-nitrotoluene.Mēnā ka werohia ki te waikawa whakauru (waikawa sulphuric + waikawa nitric) ka taea te whiwhi 2,4-dinitrotoluene;ka puta te 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT).Ko te whakawhanaungatanga o te toluene me te waikawa pungatara whakakorikori, te waikawa pungatara whakangao ranei ka puta te waikawa o- me te para-methylbenzenesulphonic acid.I raro i te mahi catalytic o te konumohe trichloride boron trifluoride ranei, ka uru te toluene ki te alkylation me te hauwai hauwai, te olefins, me te waipiro hei hoatu i te ranunga o te alkyl toluene.Ka tauhohe te Toluene ki te formaldehyde me te waikawa pūhaumāota i roto i te tauhohenga chloromethylation ki te whakaputa o-, para-methylbenzyl chloride ranei.
2.Stability: Stable
3.Matū kua rāhuitia:Snga mea hāora, waikawa, halogens
4. Whakamaramatanga polymerization:Kore-polymerization
Taupānga Hua:
1. Kei te whakamahia whānuitia hei whakarewa pararopi me te rauemi mata mo te rongoa waihanga, peita, kapia, waikano, pahū me te pesticide.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te 2.Toluene hei rauemi mata mo te whakaputa benzene me te maha atu o nga hua matū.Pērā i te peita, te peita, te lacquers, te whakapiri me te ahumahi hanga waituhi me te mea angiangi e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga o te wai, whakarewa kapia;matū me te hanga whakarewa.Koia hoki te rauemi mata mo te whakahiato matū.Ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei waahanga whakakotahi i roto i te penehīni hei whakanui ake i te octane, me te whakarewa mo nga peita, te waituhi me te nitrocellulose.I tua atu, ko te toluene he tino pai te whakarewatanga o nga mea waro, he whakarewa pararopi me te maha o nga whakamahinga.Ko te Toluene he ngawari ki te chlorinate, whakaputa benzene & mdash;chloromethane, benzene trichloromethane ranei, he whakarewa pai i runga i te ahumahi;he ngawari hoki ki te pakawa, ki te whakaputa p-nitrotoluene, o-nitrotoluene ranei, he rauemi mata mo te waikano;he ngawari hoki ki te sulphonate, te whakaputa waikawa o-toluenesulphonic, waikawa p-toluenesulphonic ranei, he rauemi mata hei mahi waikano, hanga saccharine ranei.Ka uru te kohu Toluene ki te hau ki te hanga i nga matū pahū, na reira ka hanga he pahū TST.
3. Te maataki riihi mo nga kai whakato.Ka whakamahia i roto i nga rahinga nui hei whakarewa me te taapiri ki te penehi-octane teitei.
4.Whakamahia hei reagent tātari, penei i te whakarewa, te tangohanga me te wehenga wehewehe, nga reagents chromatographic.Ka whakamahia ano hei kaihoko horoi, ka whakamahia i roto i nga tae, nga mea kakara, te waikawa benzoic me etahi atu whakahiato waro.
5.Whakamahia i roto i te hanganga o te penehīni doped, me te rite te rauemi mata matua mo te hanga o toluene pärönaki, pahū, takawaenga waikano, raau taero me te aha.
Nga Tuhipoka Rokiroki Hua:
1. Rokiroki i roto i te whare putunga hauhautanga, whai hau.
2.Kia matara atu i te ahi me te puna wera.
3.Ko te pāmahana rokiroki kaua e neke ake i te 37°C.
4. Kia hiritia te ipu.
5.Me penapena motuhake mai i nga maatete oxidizing, kaua rawa e konatunatua.
6.Use rama pahū-tohu me whakaurunga ventilation.
7. Ka aukati i te whakamahi i nga taputapu miihini me nga taputapu ngawari ki te whakaputa korakora.
8.Ko te waahi rokiroki me whakauru ki nga taputapu maimoatanga ohorere leakage me nga taonga whakaruru tika.
