Toluene | 108-88-3
Raraunga A-tinana Hua:
| Ingoa Hua | Toluene |
| Āhuatanga | he wai marama kore tae me te kakara kakara rite ki te benzene |
| Ira Whakarewa(°C) | -94.9 |
| Ira Kohua(°C) | 110.6 |
| Kiato whanaunga (Wai=1) | 0.87 |
| Te kiato kohu (hau=1) | 3.14 |
| Te pehanga kohu kukū (kPa) | 3.8(25°C) |
| Te wera o te ngingiha (kJ/mol) | -3910.3 |
| Te pāmahana tino nui (°C) | 318.6 |
| pēhanga arohaehae (MPa) | 4.11 |
| Te whakarea wehewehenga octanol/wai | 2.73 |
| Irahiko (°C) | 4 |
| Te pāmahana whakakā (°C) | 480 |
| Tepe pahū o runga (%) | 7.1 |
| Te rohe pahū iti (%) | 1.1 |
| Wairewa | Ikarekau ki te wai, ka uru ki te benzene, te waipiro, te etera me etahi atu whakarewa pararopi. |
Āhuatanga Hua:
1.Oxidised ki te waikawa benzoic na te kaha oxidizing agents pērā i te pāhare pāporo, te pāhare pāporo dichromate me te waikawa nitric. Ka whiwhi hoki te waikawa benzoic i te waikura ki te hau, ki te hāora ranei i te aroaro o te whakakōkī. Ka whiwhihia te Benzaldehyde ma te oxidation me te konupora konupora i te aroaro o te waikawa sulfuric i te 40°C iti iho ranei. Ko te tauhohenga whakaheke i whakakorikoria e te nika, te konukawata ranei ka puta te methylcyclohexane. Ka tauhohe te Toluene me te haurua ki te hanga i te toluene o- me te para-halogenated toluene ma te whakamahi i te konumohe trichloride me te ferric chloride hei whakakōkī. I raro i te wera me te marama, ka tauhohe me nga haurua hei hanga benzyl halide. Ko te tauhohenga me te waikawa nitric ka puta te o- me te para-nitrotoluene. Mēnā ka werohia ki te waikawa whakauru (waikawa sulphuric + waikawa nitric) ka taea te whiwhi 2,4-dinitrotoluene; ka puta te 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Ko te whakawhanaungatanga o te toluene me te waikawa pungatara whakakorikori, te waikawa pungatara whakangao ranei ka puta te waikawa o- me te para-methylbenzenesulphonic acid. I raro i te mahi catalytic o te konumohe trichloride boron trifluoride ranei, ka uru te toluene ki te alkylation me te hauwai hauwai, te olefins, me te waipiro hei hoatu i te ranunga o te alkyl toluene. Ka tauhohe te Toluene ki te formaldehyde me te waikawa pūhaumāota i roto i te tauhohenga chloromethylation ki te whakaputa o-, para-methylbenzyl chloride ranei.
2.Stability: Stable
3.Matū kua rāhuitia:Snga mea hāora, waikawa, halogens
4. Whakamaramatanga polymerization:Kore-polymerization
Taupānga Hua:
1. Kei te whakamahia whānuitia hei whakarewa pararopi me te rauemi mata mo te rongoa waihanga, peita, kapia, waikano, pahū me te pesticide.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te 2.Toluene hei rauemi mata mo te whakaputa benzene me te maha atu o nga hua matū. Pērā i te peita, te peita, te lacquers, te whakapiri me te ahumahi hanga waituhi me te mea angiangi e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga o te wai, whakarewa kapia; matū me te hanga whakarewa. Koia hoki te rauemi mata mo te whakahiato matū. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei waahanga whakakotahi i roto i te penehīni hei whakanui ake i te octane, me te whakarewa mo nga peita, te waituhi me te nitrocellulose. I tua atu, ko te toluene he tino pai te whakarewatanga o nga mea waro, he whakarewa pararopi me te maha o nga whakamahinga. Ko te Toluene he ngawari ki te chlorinate, whakaputa benzene & mdash; chloromethane, benzene trichloromethane ranei, he whakarewa pai i runga i te ahumahi; he ngawari hoki ki te pakawa, ki te whakaputa p-nitrotoluene, o-nitrotoluene ranei, he rauemi mata mo te waikano; he ngawari hoki ki te sulphonate, te whakaputa waikawa o-toluenesulphonic, waikawa p-toluenesulphonic ranei, he rauemi mata hei mahi waikano, hanga saccharine ranei. Ka uru te kohu Toluene ki te hau ki te hanga matū pahū, na reira ka taea te hanga pahū TST.
3.Te maataki riihi mo nga kai whakato. Ka whakamahia i roto i nga rahinga nui hei whakarewa me te taapiri ki te penehi-octane teitei.
4.I whakamahia hei reagent analytical, penei i nga whakarewa, te tangohanga me te wehenga wehewehe, nga reagents chromatographic. Ka whakamahia ano hei kaihoko horoi, ka whakamahia i roto i nga tae, nga mea kakara, te waikawa benzoic me etahi atu whakahiato waro.
5.Whakamahia i roto i te hanganga o te penehīni doped me te rauemi mata matua mo te hanga o te toluene derivatives, explosives, waikano takawaenga, raau taero me te aha.
Nga Tuhipoka Rokiroki Hua:
1. Rokiroki i roto i te whare putunga hauhautanga, whai hau.
2.Kia matara atu i te ahi me te puna wera.
3.Ko te pāmahana rokiroki kaua e neke ake i te 37°C.
4. Kia hiritia te ipu.
5.Me penapena motuhake mai i nga maatete oxidizing, kaua rawa e konatunatua.
6.Use rama pahū-tohu me whakaurunga ventilation.
7. Ka aukati i te whakamahi i nga taputapu miihini me nga taputapu ngawari ki te whakaputa korakora.
8.Ko te waahi rokiroki me whakauru ki nga taputapu maimoatanga ohorere leakage me nga taonga whakaruru tika.
